Chapter 25

List the four distinguishing chordate traits.

Vertebrate jaw bones evolved from ___. a. gill supports b. ribs c. scales d. ear bones

Both cartilaginous and bony fishes have ____. a. jaws b. a bony skeleton c. lungs d. a swim bladder e. a four-chambered heart f. all of the above

Tetrapods evolved from ____. a. sharks b. teleosts c. lobe-finned fishes d. placoderms

Turtles, lizards, and birds belong to one major lineage of amniotes, and ____ belong to another. a. sharks b. frogs and toads c. mammals d. salamanders

Reptiles are adapted to life on land by ____. a. waterproof skin b. internal fertilization c. efficient kidneys d. amniote eggs e. both a and f. all of the above

The closest living relatives of hag fishes are a. lampreys b. placoderms c. snakes d. lizards

Among living animals, only birds have ____. a. a cloaca b. a four-chamber heart c. feathers d. amniote eggs

Unlike Archaeopteryx, modern birds have ____. a. a long bony tail b. a toothless beak c. a two-chambered heart d. feathers

Match each structure with its description. _____cloaca _____swim bladder _____fur _____pectoral fins _____endoskeleton _____ placenta a. adjusts buoyancy b. nourishes embryo c. supports body d. multipurpose exit from body e. homologous to forelimbs f. insulates body

Match the organisms with the appropriate description. ______lancelets ______lampreys ______amphibians ______lizards ______birds ______sharks ______monotremes ______marsupials ______placoderms ______ placental mammals a. pouched mammals b. most diverse mammal lineage c. feathered amniotes d. egg-laying mammals e. extinct jawed fishes f. ectothermic amniotes g. cartilaginous fishes h. first land tetrapods i. living jawless fishes j. invertebrate chordates

Arrange the groups in order in which they evolved. _____1 (earliest) _____2 _____3 _____4 _____\(5(\text { most recent })\) a. Jawless fishes b. Birds c. Dinosaurs d. Amphibians e. Jawed fishes