Chapter 43

When marathoners are running a race, most likely their: a. muscles have low concentrations of myoglobin. b. slow muscle fibers will do most of the work for the run. c. slow muscle fibers will remain in constant tetanus over the length of the run. d. fast muscle fibers will be employed in the middle of the run. e. slow muscle fibers are using ATP obtained primarily by anaerobic respiration.

Connecting the bones of the vertebrate skeleton are: a. nonmovable synovial joints. b. ligaments holding together connective tissue of fibrous joints. c. cartilaginous joints held together by fluid-filled capsules. d. synovial joints lubricated by synovial fluid. e. fibrous joints that move around a fulcrum allowing small muscle movements to produce large body movements.

The movement of vertebrate muscles is: a. controlled primarily by cartilaginous joints with agonist muscles. b. antagonistic when it causes movement in the joint. c. caused by extensor muscles that flex the joint. d. caused by flexor muscles that extend the joint. e. exemplified by the biceps and triceps contracting or relaxing simultaneously.

A coach must train young athletes for the 100 -meter sprint. They need muscles specialized for speed and strength, rather than for endurance. What kinds of muscle characteristics would the training regimen aim to develop? How would it be altered to train marathoners?