Chapter 32

Which phylum includes animals that have a water vascular system? a. Echinodermata b. Hemichordata c. Chordata d. Tetrapoda e. Amniota

Which group of vertebrates has adaptations that allow it to reproduce on land? a. agnathans b. tetrapods c. gnathostomes d. amniotes e. ichthyosaurs

Which group of fishes has the most living species today? a. sarcopterygians b. actinopterygians c. chondrichthyans d. acanthodians e. ostracoderms

Modern amphibians: a. closely resemble their Paleozoic ancestors. b. always occupy terrestrial habitats as adults. c. never occupy terrestrial habitats as adults. d. are generally larger than their Paleozoic ancestors. e. are generally smaller than their Paleozoic ancestors.

The Hominoidea is a monophyletic group that includes: a. apes and monkeys. b. apes only. c. humans and human ancestors. d. apes and humans. e. monkeys, apes, and humans.

Which of the following hominin species was the earliest? a. Ardipithecus ramidus b. Australopithecus afarensis c. Homo habilis d. Homo erectus e. Homo neanderthalensis

Which of the following characteristics does not contribute to powered flight in birds? a. a lightweight skeleton b. efficient respiratory and circulatory systems c. enlarged forelimbs and a keeled sternum d. a high metabolic rate that releases energy from food rapidly e. scaly skin on the legs and feet

Which of the following characteristics did not contribute to the evolutionary success of mammals? a. extended parental care of young b. an erect posture and flexible hip and shoulder joints c. specializations of the teeth and jaws d. enlargement of the brain e. high metabolic rate and high body temperature

Many myths about human evolution are embraced by popular culture. Using the information you have learned about human evolution, argue against each of the following myths. a. Humans evolved from chimpanzees. b. Evolution occurred in a steady linear progression from primitive primate to anatomically modern humans. c. All human characteristics, such as bipedal locomotion and an enlarged brain, evolved simultaneously and at the same rate.