Chapter 55

Which of the following statements about animal migration is true? a. Piloting animals use the position of the sun to acquire information about their direction of travel. b. Animals migrating by compass orientation use mental maps of their position in space. c. Navigating animals use familiar landmarks to guide their journey. d. Navigating animals use a compass and a mental map of their position to reach a destination. e. Most migrating birds use olfactory cues to return to the place where they hatched from eggs.

Which signal type would provide the fastest communication between bats flying in a dark forest? a. chemical signals b. acoustical signals c. visual signals d. tactile signals e. electrical signals

Squashing an ant on a picnic blanket often attracts many other ants to its "funeral." What kind of signal did squashing the ant likely produce? a. an electrical signal b. a visual signal c. an acoustical signal d. a chemical signal e. a tactile signal

Which of the following behaviors might have been produced by sexual selection? a. A male frog calls loudly and clearly from a pond during the breeding season. b. A young male goat bleats plaintively when left by its mother. c. A hen clucks to call its chicks closer when a predator approaches. d. A female lion ignores the sexual advances of a young male. e. A male dog is attracted to the odor of a female dog.

In comparison to males, the females of many animal species: a. compete for mates. b. choose mates that are well camoufl aged in their habitats. c. choose to mate with many partners. d. are always monogamous. e. choose their mates carefully.

Social behavior: a. is exhibited only by animals that live in groups with close relatives. b. cannot evolve in animals that maintain territories. c. evolved because group living provides benefits to individuals in the group. d. is never observed in insects and other invertebrate animals. e. can be explained only by the hypothesis of kin selection.

Altruism is a behavior that: a. cannot evolve. b. has been observed only in insects. c. increases the number of offspring an individual produces. d. can indirectly spread the altruist's alleles. e. can evolve only in animals with a haplodiploid genetic system.

The degree of relatedness between a parent and its biological off spring: a. is the same as that between brother and sister. b. is less than that between brother and sister. c. depends on how many siblings the parent has. d. promotes an individual’s reproductive success. e. is the same as between fi rst cousins.

The tendency for humans to be charitable to perfect strangers can be explained by the hypothesis of: a. sexual selection. b. kin selection. c. reciprocal altruism. d. polyandry. e. navigation.