Chapter 4

Define the term metabolism.

What is meant by the term induced fit?

Which of the following is a false statement regarding enzymes? A. Enzymes are proteins that speed up metabolic reactions; B.Enzymes have specific substrates; C. Enzymes supply ATP to their substrates; D. An enzyme may be used many times.

Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by ______ A. heating cells; B. binding to substrates and placing stress on their bonds; \(C\). changing the shape of the cell; D. supplying energy to the substrate.

The electron transport chain A. is located in the matrix of the mitochondrion; B. has the electronegative carbon dioxide at its base; C. is a series of nucleotides located in the inner mitochondrial membrane; D. is a series of enzymes located in the intermembrane space; E. moves electrons from protein to protein and moves protons from the matrix into the intermembrane space.

Most of the energy in an ATP molecule is released A. during cellular respiration; B. when the terminal phosphate group is hydrolyzed; C. in the form of new nucleotides; D. when it is transferred to NADH.

The function of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) is to A. break down proteins; B. digest starch; C. transport cholesterol from the liver; D. carry carbohydrates into the urine.

Anaerobic respiration A. generates proteins for muscles to use; B. occurs in yeast cells only; C. does not use oxygen as the final electron acceptor; D. utilizes glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain.