Chapter 8

Starting with glucose \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}_{6}\right),\) write the overall equation for glucose breakdown in the presence of oxygen, compare this to the overall equation for photosynthesis, and explain how the energy components of the equations differ.

How is fermentation useful in the food industry?

What role do the following play in breaking down and harvesting energy from glucose: glycolysis, cellular respiration, chemiosmosis, fermentation, and the electron carriers \(\mathrm{NAD}^{*}\) and \(\mathrm{FAD} ?\)

How is acetyl CoA formed? What is the significance of acetyl CoA?

What molecule is the end product of glycolysis? How are the carbons of this molecule used in stage 1 of cellular respiration? In what form is most of the energy from the Krebs cycle captured?

Describe the electron transport chain and the process of chemiosmosis

Why is oxygen necessary for cellular respiration to occur?

Compare the structure of chloroplasts (described in Chapter 7 ) to that of mitochondria, and describe how the similarities in structure relate to similarities in function.