Chapter 37

What are the human body's three lines of defense against invading microbes? Which are nonspecific (that is, act against all types of invaders) and which are specific (act only against a particular type of invader)?

List the cells that play a major role in protecting the body from infections, and describe their functions.

Describe humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity. Include in your answer the types of immune cells involved in each, the location of antibodies and receptors that bind foreign antigens, the mechanisms by which invading cells are destroyed, and the role of helper T cells in facilitating both responses.

How does the immune system combat cancer?

How does the body distinguish "self" from "non-self"?

What are the components of the adaptive immune system? What functions do they perform?

What is a vaccination? How does it confer immunity to a disease?

What is an allergy? How are immune cells involved in allergic reactions?

Distinguish between autoimmune diseases and immune deficiency diseases, and give one example of each.

Describe the causes and eventual outcome of AIDS. How is HIV spread?