Chapter 35

List the six general types of nutrients. Which two provide the most energy for humans? Which of these stores the most energy in the body, and why?

Give an example of a vertebrate and an invertebrate that both use gizzards. Describe the general structure and function of the gizzard and how it works.

Vertebrates can be grouped into three categories based on their diets; list and briefly define these categories, giving one example of each. Which group has the shortest small intestine, and why?

What is the body mass index? How is it calculated?

List the minerals that are important for the human body, and describe their functions.

Explain why the gastric glands and the small intestine produce different kinds of digestive substances.

Name and describe the muscular movements of the human digestive system, where they occur, and their functions.

Name four structural or functional adaptations of the human small intestine that contribute to effective digestion and absorption.

Describe the processing of a piece of steak, starting in the mouth and ending with the absorption of individual amino acids.

Explain how digestion occurs in sponges.