Chapter 10

Describe crossing over. At which stage of meiosis does it occur? Name two functions of chiasmata.

Differentiate among diploid, haploid, and polyploid cells. How are these cells formed?

Describe how meiosis provides for genetic variability. If an animal had a haploid number of two (no sex chromosomes), how many genetically different gametes could it produce? (Assume no crossing over.) What if it had a haploid number of five?

Can an embryo have an abnormal number of chromosomes? Explain.