Chapter 39
Biology: How Life Works · 8 exercises
Problem 2
Describe two features of the gills of aquatic animals that favor diffusion of \(\mathrm{O}_{2}\) and \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\).
3 step solution
Problem 3
Name two differences in the physical properties of water and of air that affect gas exchange in aquatic versus terrestrial animals.
3 step solution
Problem 4
Explain how the tracheal respiratory system of insects enables high metabolic rates.
5 step solution
Problem 5
Explain how gill respiration is facilitated by unidirectional water flow, whereas lung ventilation can depend on bidirectional airflow.
4 step solution
Problem 6
Describe the pressure changes that are needed to draw air into the lungs and to expel air out of the lungs.
4 step solution
Problem 7
Explain how cooperative binding by hemoglobin facilitates \(\mathrm{O}_{2}\) uptake into blood.
5 step solution
Problem 8
Explain how the branching of larger arteries into many smaller vessels affects the rate of and resistance to blood flow in the smaller vessels.
4 step solution
Problem 10
Describe two mechanisms by which the cardiac output of an animal's heart can be adjusted and indicate which is more important for increasing cardiac output in mammals and which is more important in fish.
5 step solution