Chapter 33

Imagine a world in which mosses, liverworts, and hornworts form a monophyletic group. How would your ability to infer what the first land plants looked like be affected?

Describe three environments that allow bryophytes to coexist with vascular plants.

Describe the habitats in which lycophytes are found today.

Describe how fern diversity has been affected by the evolution of the angiosperms.

Explain how xylem produced by conifers differs from that of angiosperms and how that difference may have influenced the present-day distribution of conifers.

Compare the movement of pollen from an animalpollinated angiosperm and a wind- pollinated conifer, noting what features of angiosperm reproduction increase the efficiency (or lower the costs) of pollen transfer.

Name two features that have contributed to the diversity and success of angiosperms and discuss possible advantages of these features.