Chapter 8

Which is not a nucleotide base in DNA? a. adenine c. glutamine e. cytosine b. guanine d. thymine f. All are in DNA.

What are the base-pairing rules for DNA? a. \(A-G, T-C\) b. \(A-C, T-G\) c. \(A-T, G-C\)

Variation in _____ is the basis of variation in traits. a. karyotype c. the double helix b. the DNA sequence d. chromosome number

One species' DNA differs from others in its _____ a. nucleotides c. sugar-phosphate backbone b. DNA sequence d. all of the above

Chromosome number______. a. refers to a particular chromosome in a cell b. is an identifiable feature of a species c. is the number of autosomes in cells of a given type

Human body cells are diploid, which means______. a. they are complete b. they have two sets of chromosomes c. they contain sex chromosomes

When DNA replication begins,______. a. the two DNA strands unwind from each other b. the two DNA strands condense for base transfers c. old strands move to find new strands

DNA replication requires______. a. DNA polymerase c. primers b. nucleotides d. all are required

Energy that drives DNA synthesis comes from_____. a. ATP only c. DNA nucleotides b. DNA polymerase d. a and \(c\)

The phrase \({ }^{4} 5^{\prime}\) to \(3^{\prime \prime \prime}\) refers to the ______. a. timing of DNA replication b. directionality of DNA synthesis c. number of phosphate groups

After DNA replication, a eukaryotic chromosome______ a. consists of two sister chromatids \(\mathrm{b}\) has a characteristic \(\mathrm{X}\) shape c. is constricted at the centromere d. all of the above

All mutations _____. a. cause cancer c. are caused by radiation b. lead to evolution d. change the DNA sequence

_____ is an example of reproductive cloning. a. Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) b. Multiple offspring from the same pregnancy c. Artificial embryo splitting d. a and \(c\)

Match the terms appropriately. ______bacteriophage clone ______nucleotide ______diploid DNA ligase DNA polymerase ______autosome _______mutation a. nitrogen-containing base, sugar, phosphate group(s) b. copy of an organism c. does not determine sex d. only DNA and protein e. seals breaks in a DNA strand f. can cause cancer g. two chromosomes of each type h. adds nucleotides to a growing DNA strand

In eukaryotic chromosomes, DNA wraps around _____. a. histone proteins c. centromeres b. nucleosomes d. none of the above