Chapter 5

____________ is life's primary source of energy. a. Food b. Water c. Sunlight d. \(\mathrm{ATP}\)

Which of the following statements is not correct? a. Energy cannot be created or destroyed. b. Energy cannot change from one form to another. c. Energy tends to disperse spontaneously.

Entropy _________. a. disperses c. always increases, overall b. is a measure of disorder d. \(b\) and \(c\)

If we liken a chemical reaction to an energy hill, then a(n) _________ reaction is an uphill run. a. endergonic c. catalytic b. exergonic d. both a and \(c\)

If we liken a chemical reaction to an energy hill, then activation energy is like ___________. a. a burst of speed b. coasting downhill c. a bump at the top of the hill

___________ are always changed by participating in a reaction. (Choose all that are correct.) a. Enzymes b. Cofactors c. Reactants d. Coenzymes

Name one environmental factor that typically influences enzyme function.

A metabolic pathway may ___________. a. build or break down molecules c. generate heat b. include an electron transfer chain d. all of the above

Solutes tend to diffuse from a region where they are _________ (more/less) concentrated to an adjacent region where they are __________ (more/less) concentrated.

_________ cannot easily diffuse across a lipid bilayer. a. Water c. Ions b. Gases d. all of the above

A transport protein requires ATP to pump sodium ions across a membrane. This is a case of ____________. a. passive transport c. facilitated diffusion b. active transport d. a and \(c\)

Immerse a human blood cell in a hypotonic solution, and water _________. a. diffuses into the cell c. shows no net movement b. diffuses out of the cell d. moves in by endocytosis

Vesicles form during _________. a. endocytosis c. phagocytosis b. exocytosis d. a and \(c\)

Match each term with its most suitable description. __reactant __phagocytosis __first law of thermodynamics __product __cofactor __concentration gradient __passive transport __active transport a. assists enzymes b. forms at reaction's end c. enters a reaction d. requires energy input e. one cell engulfs another f. energy cannot be created or destroyed \(\mathrm{g}\). basis of diffusion h. no energy input required