Chapter 43

The Northern Hemisphere is most tilted toward the sun in _________. a. spring b. summer c. autumn d. winter

Which latitude will have the most hours of daylight on the summer solstice? a. \(0^{\circ}\) (the equator) c. \(45^{\circ}\) north b. \(30^{\circ}\) north d. \(60^{\circ}\) north

Warm air ________ and it holds _________ water than cold air. a. sinks; less c. sinks; more b. rises; less d. rises; more

A rain shadow is a reduction in rainfall __________. a. on the inland side of a coastal mountain range b. during an El Niño event c. that results from global warming

_____________ have a deep layer of humus-rich topsoil. a. Deserts c. Rain forests b. Grasslands d. Seamounts

Biomes differ in their ____________. a. climate c. soils b. dominant plants d. all of the above

Grasslands most often are found ________________. a. at \(30^{\circ}\) north and south c. in interior of continents b. at high altitudes d. all of the above

Permafrost underlies _________. a. arctic tundra c. boreal forest b. temperate forest d. all of the above

The warmer water is, the ______ oxygen it can hold. a more b. less

Chemoautotrophic bacteria and archaea are the primary producers for food webs ____________. a. in mangrove wetlands c. on coral reefs b. at seamounts d. at hydrothermal vents

Corals rely on symbiotic ________ for sugars. a. fungi c. dinoflagellates b. bacteria d. green algae

Which of the following biomes borders on boreal forest? a. savanna c. tundra b. taiga d. chaparral

Unrelated species living in geographically separated parts of a biome may resemble one another as a result of _____________. a. competitive interactions b. morphological convergence c. morphological divergence d. coevolution

Match the terms with the most suitable description. _______tundra _______chaparral _______desert _______savanna _______estuary _______boreal forest _______prairie _______tropical rain forest _______hydrothermal vents a. broadleaf forest near equator b. partly enclosed by land; where fresh water and seawater mix c. African grassland with trees d. low-growing plants at high latitudes or elevations e. dry shrubland \(\mathrm{f}\). at latitudes \(30^{\circ}\) north and south g. mineral-rich, superheated water supports communities h. conifers dominate i. North American grassland