Chapter 26

Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen are _______for plants. a. macronutrients d. required elements b. micronutrients e. both a and \(b\) c. trace elements f. both a and d

Decomposing matter in soil is called a. clay c. silt b. humus d. sand

A vascular cylinder consists of a. exodermis d. xylem and phloem b. endodermis e. \(\mathrm{b}\) and \(\mathrm{d}\) c. root cortex f. all of the above

A_______strip between abutting endodermal cell walls forces water and solutes to move through these cells rather than around them. a. cutin b. Casparian c. cohesion d. cellulose

The nutrition of some plants is enhanced by a mutually beneficial association between a root and a fungus. The association is known as a a. root nodule c. root hair b. mycorrhiza d. hypha

Water evaporation from plant parts is called a. translocation c. transpiration b. cohesion d. tension

Water transport from roots to leaves occurs by a. a pressure gradient inside sieve tubes b. different solutes at source and sink regions c. the pumping force of xylem vessels d. transpiration, tension, and cohesion of water

Tracheids are part of a. cortex c. phloem b. mesophyll d. xylem

Sieve tubes are part of a. cortex c. phloem b. mesophyll d. xylem

A waterproof cuticle a. minimizes water loss through plant surfaces b. inhibits gas exchange between the plant and the air c. both a and \(b\)

When guard cells swell, a. transpiration ceases c. stomata open b. sugars enter phloem d. root cells die

Stomata open in response to light when a. ions flow into guard cell cytoplasm b. ions flow out of guard cell cytoplasm c. water evaporates out of guard cells

In phloem, organic compounds flow through a. collenchyma cells c. vessels b. sieve elements d. tracheids

Sugar transport from leaves to roots occurs by a. a pressure gradient inside sieve tubes b. different solutes at source and sink regions c. the pumping force of xylem vessels d. transpiration, tension, and cohesion of water