Chapter 24

All chordates have (a)__________ as embryos. a. backbone b. jaws c. notochord d. both \(b\) and \(c\)

The________are invertebrate chordates. a. echinoderms c. lancelets b. hagfishes d. lampreys

Vertebrate jaws evolved from_______ a. gill supports b. ribs c. scales d. teeth

Sharks and rays are ________ a. ray-finned fishes c. jawless fishes b. cartilaginous fishes d. lobe-finned fishes

A divergence from _________ gave rise to tetrapods. a. ray-finned fishes c. cartilaginous fishes b. lizards d. lobe-finned fishes

Reptiles, including birds, belong to one major lineage of amniotes, and ___________ belong to another. a. sharks c. mammals b. frogs and toads d. salamanders

Reptiles are adapted to life on land by _____________ a. tough skin d. amniote eggs b. internal fertilization e. both a and \(c\) c good kidneys \(\mathrm{f}\) all of the above

The closest modern relatives of birds are __________ a. crocodilians b. mammals \(\quad\) c. turtles d. lizards

The defining trait of hominins is _________ a. tool use b. bipedalism c. a large brain d. endothermy

Homo erectus ___________ a. was the earliest member of the genus Homo b. was one of the australopiths c. evolved in Africa and dispersed to many regions d. disappeared as the result of an asteroid impact

Match the organisms with the appropriate description. ____________tunicates __________ fishes __________amphibians __________primates __________birds ________monotremes __________marsupials ___________placental ____________mammals ________australopiths a. pouched mammals b. invertebrate chordates c. feathered amniotes d. egg-laying mammals c. extinct hominins f. have grasping hands with nails \(g\). first land tetrapods h. most diverse mammal lineage i. oldest vertebrate lineage