Chapter 32

A hydrostatic skeleton consists of_____________. a. a fluid in an enclosed space b. hardened plates at the surface of a body c. internal hard parts d. none of the above

Bones are ____________. a. mineral reservoirs b. skeletal muscle's partners c. sites where blood cells form (some bones only) d. all of the above

Bones move when _________ muscles contract. a. cardiac b. skeletal c. smooth d. all of the above

A ligament connects _____________. a. bones at a joint b. a muscle to a bone c. a muscle to a tendon d. a tendon to bone

Bone breakdown is stimulated by _____________. a. parathyroid hormone b. estrogen c. vitamin D d. cortisol

Skeletal muscle can only __________ bones. a. pull on b. push against c. exert force on

In sarcomeres, phosphate-group transfers from ATP activate _____________. a. actin b. myosin c. both d. neither

A sarcomere shortens when_____________. a. thick filaments shorten b. thin filaments shorten c. both thick and thin filaments shorten d. none of the above

ATP for muscle contraction can be formed by ______________. a. aerobic respiration b. lactate fermentation c. creatine phosphate breakdown d. all of the above

Red muscle fibers get their color from___________. a. ATP b. myosin c. myoglobin d. collagen

A motor unit is __________. a. a muscle and the bone it moves b. two muscles that work in opposition c. the amount a muscle shortens during contraction d. a motor neuron and the muscle fibers it controls

Muscular dystrophy _____________. a. is a genetic disorder b. is a type of food poisoning c. can be prevented with a vaccine d. is caused by a virus e. both \(c\) and \(d\)

Match the terms with their definitions. __________tendon __________muscle twitch __________myoglobin __________joint __________myosin __________red marrow __________metacarpals __________ligament __________sarcoplasmic reticulum a. stores and releases calcium b. all in the hands c. blood cell production d. holds bones in place at joint e. area of contact between bones f. motor unit response g. reversibly binds oxygen h. connects muscle to bone i. binds ATP and converts it to ADP and phosphate