Chapter 3

Organic molecules consist mainly of ________atoms. a. carbon b. carbon and oxygen c. carbon and hydrogen d. carbon and nitrogen

Each carbon atom can share pairs of electrons with as many as________ other atom(s).

________groups impart polarity to alcohols. a. Hydroxyl \(\left(-\mathrm{OH}^{-}\right)\) b. Phosphate \(\left(-\mathrm{PO}_{4}\right)\) c. Methyl \(\left(-\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right)\) d. Sulfhydryl ( \(-\mathrm{SH}\) )

________is a simple sugar (a monosaccharide). a. Glucose b. Sucrose c. Ribose d. Starch e. both a and c \(f_{\cdot} a, b,\) and \(c\)

Unlike saturated fats, the fatty acid tails of unsaturated fats incorporate one or more ________. a. phosphate groups b. glycerols c. double bonds d. single bonds

Is this statement true or false? Unlike saturated fats, all unsaturated fats are beneficial to health because their fatty acid tails kink and do not pack together.

Steroids are among the lipids with no ________. a. double bonds b. fatty acid tails c. hydrogens d. carbons

Name three kinds of carbohydrates that can be built using only glucose monomers.

Which of the following is a class of molecules that encompasses all of the other molecules listed? a. triglycerides b. fatty acids c. waxes d. steroids e. lipids f. phospholipids

________are to proteins as________ are to nucleic acids. a. Sugars; lipids b. Sugars; proteins c. Amino acids; hydrogen bonds d. Amino acids; nucleotides

A denatured protein has lost its ________. a. hydrogen bonds b. shape c. function d. all of the above

________consists of nucleotides. a. Sugars b. DNA c. RNA d.b and c

Which of the following is not found in DNA? a. amino acids b. sugars c. nucleotides d. phosphate groups

In the following list, identify the carbohydrate, the fatty acid, the amino acid, and the polypeptide: a. \(\mathrm{NH}_{2}-\mathrm{CHR}-\mathrm{COOH}\) b. \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}_{6}\) c. (methionine) 20 \(\mathrm{d} . \mathrm{CH}_{3}\left(\mathrm{CH}_{2}\right)_{16} \mathrm{COOH}\)

Match the molecules with the best description. ________wax ________starch ________triglyceride ________DNA ________polypeptide ________ATP a. protein primary structure b. an energy carrier c. water-repellent secretions d. carries heritable information e. sugar storage in plants f. richest energy source

Match each polymer with the most appropriate set of component monomers. ________protein ________phospholipid ________glycoprotein ________fat ________nucleic acid ________carbohydrate ________nucleotide ________lipoprotein ________sucrose a. glycerol, fatty acids, phosphate b. amino acids, sugars c. glycerol, fatty acids d. nucleotides e. sugars f. sugar, phosphate, base g. amino acids h. glucose, fructose i. lipids, amino acids