Chapter 44

Genes affect the behavior of individuals by _____ a. influencing the development of nervous systems b. affecting the kinds of hormones in individuals c. determining which stimuli can be detected d. all of the above

Stevan Arnold offered slug meat to newborn garter snakes from different populations to test his hypothesis that the snakes' response to slugs _____ a. was shaped by indirect selection b. is an instinctive behavior c. is based on pheromones d. is adaptive

A behavior is defined as adaptive if it _____ a. varies among individuals of a population b. occurs without prior learning c. increases an individual's reproductive success d. is widespread across a species

The honeybee dance language transmits information about distance to food by way of _____ signals. a. tactile b. chemical c. acoustical d. visual

\(A\) _____ is a chemical that conveys information between individuals of the same species. a. pheromone b. neurotransmitter c. hormone d. all of the above

In _____ males and females typically cooperate in care of the young. a. mammals b. birds c. amphibians d. all of the above

Generally, living in a social group costs the individual, in terms of _____ a. competition for food, other resources b. vulnerability to contagious diseases c. competition for mates d. all of the above

Social behavior evolves because _____ a. social animals are more advanced than solitary ones b. under some conditions, the costs of social life to individuals are offset by benefits to the species c. under some conditions, the benefits of social life to an individual offset the costs to that individual d. under most conditions, social life has no costs to an individual

Eusocial insects _____ a. live in extended family groups b. include termites, honeybees, and ants c. show a reproductive division of labor d. a and \(c\) e. all of the above

Helping other individuals at a reproductive cost to oneself might be adaptive if those helped are _____ a. members of another species b. competitors for mates c. close relatives d. illegitimate signalers

Match the terms with their most suitable description. $$ \text { fixed action pattern} \quad \quad\quad\quad\quad \text {a. time- dependent form of learning requiring exposure to key stimulus} $$ $$ \text {altruism} \quad \quad\quad\quad\quad \text {b. genes plus actual experience} $$ $$ \text {basis of instinctive and learned behavior} \quad \quad\quad\quad\quad \text {c. series of responses that runs to completion independently of feedback from environment} $$ $$ \text { imprinting} \quad \quad\quad\quad\quad \text {d. assisting another individual at one's own expense} $$ $$ \text {pheromone } \quad \quad\quad\quad\quad \text {e. one communication signal} $$