Chapter 43

Solar radiation drives the distribution of weather systems and so influences ________. a. temperature zones b. rainfall distribution c. seasonal variations d. all of the above

________ shields living organisms against the sun's UV wavelengths. a. A thermal inversion b. Acid precipitation c. The ozone layer d. The greenhouse effect

Regional variations in the global patterns of rainfall and temperature depend on _______ . a. global air circulation b. ocean currents c. topography d. all of the above

A rain shadow is a reduction in rainfall _________. a. on the inland side of a coastal mountain range b. during an El Niño event c. that occurs seasonally in the tropics

Acid rain is one outcome of _________ . a. coal burning b. gas and oil burning c. nitrogen-rich fertilizers d. all of the above

Biomes are _________ . a. water provinces b. water and land zones c. vast expanses of land d. partly characterized by dominant plants e. both \(c\) and \(d\)

Biome distribution depends on _______ . a. climate b. elevation c. soils d. all of the above

Grasslands most often predominate ________ . a. near the equator b. at high altitudes c. in interior of continents d. b and c

9\. Permafrost underlies ________, and is a vast store of carbon. a. arctic tundra b. alpine tundra c. coniferous forests d. all of the above

During ________, deeper, often nutrient-rich water moves to the surface of a body of water. a. spring overturns b. fall overturns c. upwellings d.all of the above

Chemoautotrophic bacteria are the primary producers for food webs _________ . a. in grasslands b. in deserts c. on coral reefs d. at hydrothermal vents

Match the terms with the most suitable description. ________tundra ________chaparral ________desert ________savanna ________estuary ________boreal forest ________tropical rain forest ________hydrothermal vents a. equatorial broadleaf forest b. partly enclosed by land where freshwater and seawater mix c. type of grassland with trees d.has low-growing plants at high latitudes or elevations e. at latitudes \(30^{\circ}\) north and south f. mineral-rich, superheated water supports communities g. conifers dominate h. dry shrubland