Chapter 35

_______________ is/are the first line of defense against threats. a. Skin, mucous membranes b. Tears, saliva, gastric fluid c. Urine flow d. Resident bacteria e. a through \(c\) f. all of the above

______________ trigger immune responses. a. Cytokines b. Lysozymes c. Immunoglobulins d. Antigens e. Histamines f. all of the above

____________ characterize innate immunity. a. Unchanging responses b. About 1,000 pattern receptors c. Inborn mechanisms d. Fast responses e. all of the above

_______________ characterizes adaptive immunity. a. Self/nonself recognition b. Antigen receptor diversity c. Antigen specificity d Lasting protection e. all of the above

Antibodies are ___________ . a. antigen receptors b. made only by B cells c. proteins d. all of the above

Antibody-mediated responses work against ____________ . a. intracellular pathogens b. extracellular pathogens c. extracellular toxins d. both a and \(c\) e. both b and c f. all of the above

_____________ binding antigen triggers allergic responses. a. IgA b. IgE c. \(\operatorname{Ig} G\) \(\mathrm{d} . \mathrm{Ig} \mathrm{M}\) e. IgD

__________ are targets of cytotoxic T cells. a. Extracellular virus particles in blood b. Virus-infected body cells or tumor cells c. Parasitic flukes in the liver d. Bacterial cells in pus e. Pollen grains in nasal mucus

Allergies occur when the body responds to ___________. a. pathogens b. normally harmless substances c. toxins d. all of the above

____________ participate in the vicious cycle of HIV infection. Choose all that apply. a. IgE antibodies b. Helper T cells c. Cytotoxic T cells d. Mast cells e. \(\mathrm{B}\) cells f. Cytokines

Match the immunity concepts. a. neutrophil b. effector B cell c. general defense d. immune response against own body e. secondary response inflammation antibody secretion phagocyte immune memory autoimmunity