Chapter 32

A hydrostatic skeleton consists of________. a. a fluid-filled chamber or chambers b. hardened plates at the surface of a body c. internal hard parts

Release of ________ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum opens binding sites and allows actin and myosin to interact. a. ACh b. potassium ions c. calcium ions d. oxygen

Bones move when________ muscles contract. a. cardiac b. skeletal c. smooth d. any

A ligament connects ________. a. bones at a joint b. a muscle to a bone c. a muscle to a tendon d. a tendon to bone

Skeletal muscle can only________ bones. a. pull on b. push against

Movement brought about by contraction of the arm's biceps muscle is ________ by contraction of the triceps muscle. a. prevented b. accelerated c. reversed d. unaffected

Calcium release from bone is stimulated by________. a. parathyroid hormone b. estrogen c. myoglobin d. creatine

________is a motor protein that has binding sites for ATP and actin. a. Myoglobin b. Myosin c. Lactate d. Creatine

A sarcomere shortens when________. a. thick filaments shorten b. thin filaments shorten c. both thick and thin filaments shorten d. none of the above

ATP for muscle contraction can be provided by________. a. aerobic respiration b. lactate fermentation c. transfer of a phosphate from creatine phosphate d. all of the above

Red muscle fibers get their color from________. a. ATP b. myosin c. myoglobin d. collagen

A motor unit is________. a. a muscle and the bone it moves b. two muscles that work in opposition c. the amount a muscle shortens during contraction d. a motor neuron and the muscle fibers it controls

Cheetahs and human sprinters tend to have a high proportion of ________fibers in their leg muscles. a. white b. fast red c. slow red

The ________ helps reduce friction during locomotion. a. external skeleton of a fly b. elongated backbone of a cheetah c. streamlined body of a predatory fish d. hydrostatic skeleton of an earthworm

Match each item with its description. Match each item with its description. ________tendon ________\(Z\) line ________myoglobin ________joint ________actin ________red marrow ________metacarpals ________muscle fiber ________sarcoplasmic reticulum a. stores and releases calcium b. all in the hands c. produces blood cells d. multinucleated contractile cell e. area of contact between bones f. at sarcomere ends g. reversibly binds oxygen h. connects muscle to bone i. main component of thin filaments in sarcomere