Chapter 24

All chordates have (a) ___________ as embryos. a. backbone b. jaws c. notochord d. kidneys

The ____________ are invertebrate chordates. a. echinoderms b. hagfishes c. lancelets d. lampreys

Vertebrate jaws evolved from ____________ . a. gill supports b. ribs \(c\) scales d. teeth

Sharks and rays are ___________ . a. ray-finned fishes b. cartilaginous fishes c. jawless fishes d. lobe-finned fishes

A divergence from ____________ gave rise to tetrapods. a. ray-finned fishes b. lizards \(c\) cartilaginous fishes d. lobe-finned fishes

Reptiles, including birds, belong to one major lineage of amniotes, and __________ belong to another a. sharks b. frogs and toads c. mammals d. salamanders

Repriles are adapted to life on land by ___________ . a. tough skin b. internal fertilization c. good kidneys d. amniote eggs e. both a and \(c\) f. all of the above

The closest modern relatives of birds are ____________ . a. crocodilians b. mammals c. turtles d. lizards

Among living animals, only birds have _____________ . a. a cloaca b. a four-chambered heart c. feathers d. amniote eggs

The defining trait of hominins is a. tool use \(b\). bipedalism \(c\), a big brain d. endothermy

On what continent did Homo sapiens arise?

Match the organisms with the appropriate description. a. pouched mammals b. invertebrate chordates c. feathered amniotes d. egg-laying mammals e. oldest vertebrate lineage f. have grasping hands with nails g. first land tetrapods h. most diverse mammal lineage tunicates fishes amphibians primates birds monotremes marsupials placental mammals

Match each term with the appropriate description. a. homologous to human arm b. waterproofs amniote skin c. behaviorally alters temperature d. metabolically alters temperature e. multipurpose opening f. secretes milk keratin cloaca endotherm ectotherm mammary gland bird wing