Chapter 16

The number of species on an island usually depends on the size of the island and its distance from a mainland. This statement would most likely be made by ________. a. an explorer b. a biogeographer c. a geologist d. a philosopher

The bones of a bird's wing are similar to the bones in a bat's wing. This observation is an example of ________. a. uniformity b. evolution c. comparative morphology d. a lineage

Evolution ________ natural selection. a. is the same as b. can occur by c. is the goal of d. explains the origin of life by

A trait is adaptive if it ________. a. arises by mutation b. increases fitness c. is passed to offspring d. occurs in fossils

In which type of rock are you more likely to find a fossil? a. basalt, a dark, fine-grained volcanic rock b. limestone, composed of calcium carbonate sediments c. slate, a volcanically melted and cooled shale d. granite, which forms by crystallization of molten rock below the surface of the Earth

True or false? Wrinkly textures in rock that formed from ancient biofilms living in marine sediments are considered trace fossils.

If the half-life of a radioisotope is 20,000 years, then a sample in which three-quarters of that radioisotope has decayed is ________ years old. a. 15,000 b. 26,667 c. 30,000 d. 40,000

Did Pangea or Gondwana form first?

Forces that cause geologic change do not include ________. a. erosion b. natural selection c. volcanic activity d. tectonic plate movement e. wind f. meteorite impacts

Through________ ,a body part of an ancestor is modified differently in different lines of descent. a. homologous evolution b. morphological convergence c. adaptive divergence d. morphological divergence

Homologous structures among major groups of organisms may differ in ________. a. homologous evolution b. morphological convergence \(c,\) adaptive divergence d. morphological divergence

A mutation that alters the embryonic expression pattern of $a(n) ________ may lead to major differences in the adult form. a. derived trait b. homeotic gene c. homologous structure d. analogous structure

The last dinosaurs died ________ million years ago.

All of the following data types can be used as evidence of shared ancestry except similarities in ________. a. amino acid sequence b. DNA sequence c. fossil morphology d. embryonic development e. form due to convergence f. all are appropriate

Match the terms with the most suitable description. ________fitness ________fossils ________natural selection ________homeotic genes ________half-life ________analogous structures ________homologous structures ________sedimentary rock ________neutral mutation a. does not affect fitness b. best fossil content c. survival of the fittest d. characteristic of a radioisotope e. similar across diverse taxa f. evidence of life in distant past g. insect wing and bird wing h. human arm and bird wing i. measured by reproductive success