Chapter 48

Which of the following is not true of endocrine glands? (a) they secrete hormones (b) they have ducts (c) their product is typically transported by the blood (d) they are typically regulated by negative feedback (e) an experimental animal exhibits symptoms of deficiency when they are removed

A cell secretes a product that diffuses through the interstitial fluid and acts on nearby cells. This is an example of (a) neuroendocrine secretion (b) autocrine signaling (c) paracrine signaling (d) classical endocrine control (e) peptide hormone function

Paracrine regulators that are derived from fatty acids and are found in many different organs are (a) prostaglandins (b) thyroid hormones (c) growth factors (d) anabolic steroids (e) G proteins

Which of the following is/are true of steroid hormones? (a) hydrophilic (b) secreted by the posterior pituitary (c) typically work through G proteins and cyclic AMP (d) typically bind with receptor in nucleus and affect transcription (e) a and \(c\)

Which of the following is not a correct pair? (a) neurohormone; insect brain hormone (b) calcium; calmodulin (c) posterior lobe of pituitary; releasing hormone (d) anterior lobe of pituitary; growth hormone (e) thyroid hyposecretion; cretinism

Which of the following activates a second messenger? (a) hormone-receptor complex (b) calcium ions (c) inositol trisphosphate \(\left(\mathrm{IP}_{3}\right)(\mathrm{d})\) cyclic AMP (e) diacylglycerol (DAG)

Growth hormone (a) is regulated mainly by calcium level (b) stimulates the liver to produce insulin-like growth factors \((\mathrm{c})\) is a catabolic hormone (d) stimulates metabolic rate (e) signals the hypothalamus to produce a releasing hormone

Arrange the following events into an appropriate sequence. 1\. high thyroid hormone concentration 2 . anterior pituitary inhibited \(3 .\) homeostasis \(4 .\) lower level of thyroid-stimulating hormone \(5 .\) thyroid gland secretes less thyroid hormone (a) 1,2,4,5,3 (b) 5,4,3,2,1 (c) 1,2,5,4,3 (d) 4,5,2,3,1 (e) 1,4,2,5,3

Arrange the following events into an appropriate sequence. 1\. blood glucose concentration increases 2 . alpha cells in islets stimulated 3. homeostasis 4. low blood glucose concentration 5\. glucagon secretion increases (a) 1,2,3,5,4 (b) 5,4,2,1,3 (c) 1,2,5,4,3 (d) 4,2,5,1,3 (e) 4,5,1,2,3

Parathyroid hormone (a) increases glucose level in blood (b) helps body respond to stress (c) increases permeability of kidney tubules to water (d) promotes uptake of amino acids (e) increases calcium concentration in blood

Which of the following is not a correct pair? (a) thyroid gland; calcitonin (b) islets of Langerhans; glucagon (c) posterior lobe of pituitary; oxytocin (d) anterior lobe of pituitary; cortisol (e) adrenal medulla; epinephrine

Insulin resistance is associated with (a) low insulin secretion by the islets of Langerhans (b) type 1 diabetes (c) impaired use of insulin by target cells (d) hypoglycemia (e) hypersecretion of glucagon

Aldosterone (a) is released by posterior pituitary (b) is an androgen (c) secretion is stimulated by an increase in thyroidstimulating hormone (d) is an enzyme that converts epinephrine to norepinephrine (e) increases sodium reabsorption