Chapter 15

A diagram of a pedigree shows (a) controlled matings between members of different true-breeding strains (b) the total genetic information in human cells (c) a comparison of DNA sequences among genomes of humans and other species (d) the subtle genetic differences among unrelated people (e) the expression of genetic traits in the members of two or more generations of a family

The Human Genome Project (a) sequenced all the DNA in the nuclear human genome (b) was exclusively concerned with the comparisons of DNA sequences between human DNA and DNA of other species (c) customized drugs to match an individual's genetic makeup (d) searched for individuals with a genotype that might cause a serious genetic disease in them or their offspring (e) provided risk estimates on human genetic diseases

An abnormality in which there is one more or one fewer than the normal number of chromosomes is called a(an) (a) karyotype (b) fragile site (c) aneuploidy (d) trisomy (e) translocation

An individual with one extra chromosome (three of one kind) is said to be (a) monosomic (b) triploid (c) trisomic (d) consanguineous (e) true-breeding

An individual who is missing one chromosome, having only one member of a given pair, is said to be (a) monosomic (b) haploid (c) trisomic (d) consanguineous (e) true-breeding

The failure of chromosomes to separate normally during cell division is called (a) a fragile site (b) an inborn error of metabolism (c) a satellite knob (d) a translocation (e) nondisjunction

The transfer of a part of one chromosome to a nonhomologous chromosome is called a(an) (a) karyotype (b) inborn error of metabolism (c) pedigree (d) translocation (e) nondisjunction

A photomicrograph of the stained metaphase chromosomes present in a given cell is called a (a) karyotype (b) nucleotide triplet repeat (c) pedigree (d) DNA microarray (e) translocation

Individuals with trisomy \(21,\) or __________ and physically retarded and have abnormalities of the face, tongue, and eyelids. (a) Down syndrome (b) Klinefelter syndrome (c) Turner syndrome (d) Huntington's disease (e) Tay-Sachs disease

An inherited disorder caused by a defective or absent enzyme is called a(an) (a) karyotype (b) trisomy (c) reciprocal translocation (d) inborn error of metabolism (e) aneuploidy

In _________ hemoglobin molecule that is less soluble than usual and more likely than normal to deform the shape of the red blood cell. (a) Down syndrome (b) Tay-Sachs disease (c) sickle cell anemia (d) PKU (e) hemophilia A

During this procedure, a sample of the fluid that surrounds the fetus is obtained by inserting a needle through the walls of the abdomen and uterus. (a) DNA marker (b) chorionic villus sampling (c) ultrasound imaging (d) preimplantation genetic diagnosis (e) amniocentesis

For which of the following situations would a genetic counselor not recommend prenatal diagnosis involving amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling? (a) an increased risk of a chromosomal abnormality (b) an increased risk of a single-locus (Mendelian) disease (c) an increased risk of a spinal cord defect (d) a desire to know the sex of the fetus (e) a pregnant woman is older than 35

A DNA microarray (a) represents the totality of genetic information in human cells (b) can compare the activities of thousands of genes in normal and diseased cells (c) is the study of the role of chromosomes in inheritance (d) is the chromosome composition of an individual (e) charts the transmission of genetic traits within a family