Chapter 44

The process in which incoming sensory stimulation is converted to electrical signals in neurons is called a. an action potential. b. sensory reception. c. perception. d. sensory transduction. e. perceptual transduction.

Vibrations of the _____, located within the _____, bend stereocilia in the hair cells of the mammalian ear and activate sensory neurons. a. tympanic membrane, cochlear duct b. round window, middle ear c. basilar membrane, organ of Corti d. ossicle, outer ear e. ampulla, semicircular canals

. _____ sense pain; _____ sense heat or cold; and _____ sense touch a. Mechanoreceptors; thermoreceptors; nociceptors b. Nociceptors; thermoreceptors; mechanoreceptors c. Nociceptors; thermoreceptors; stretch receptors d. Mechanoreceptors; nociceptors; stretch receptors e. Nociceptors; photoreceptors; mechanoreceptors

Statocysts are sensory organs for a. hearing found in many invertebrates. b. equilibrium found in mammals. c. equilibrium found in many invertebrates. d. water current changes found in fish. e. hearing found in vertebrates.

In which process(es) are hair cells involved? a. balance in vertebrates and invertebrates b. hearing in mammals c. vision in animals with compound eyes d. heat sensing in pit vipers e. both a and b

Which statement about compound eyes is true? a. They do not contain a lens or lenslike structure. b. They cannot sense color. c. They have one ommatidium per eye. d. They are found in insects and also many vertebrates. e. They probably have less resolving power than single-lens eyes.

In the mammalian eye, light from near or far objects is focused on the retina when a. the lens moves forward or backward. b. the lens rounds up or flattens. c. the eyeball changes shape. d. the cornea changes shape. e. the retina changes shape.

The amount of glutamate released from photoreceptors of the vertebrate eye is highest when a. an animal is in full sunlight. b. an animal is in a completely dark place. c. an animal is in a dimly lit place. d. \(\mathrm{Na}^{+}\) channels of the photoreceptors are closed. e. Both a and d are true.

Cone pigments discriminate between different wavelengths of light due to a. their location in the retina. b. the amount of light they absorb. c. the type of retinal they have. d. the type of opsin protein they have. e. interactions with bipolar cells.

The stimulation for olfaction involves odorant molecules a. bending the cilia of olfactory sensory receptor cells. b. binding to protein receptors of olfactory sensory receptor cells. c. entering the cytoplasm of olfactory sensory receptor cells. d. opening \(\mathrm{K}^{+}\) channels of olfactory sensory receptor cells. e. binding to cells located in the olfactory bulbs.