Chapter 12

Which of the following best represents the central dogma of gene expression? a. During transcription, DNA codes for polypeptides. b. During transcription, DNA codes for mRNA, which codes for polypeptides during translation. c. During translation, DNA codes for mRNA, which codes for polypeptides during transcription. d. none of the above

A mutation prevents a gene from being transcribed into an mRNA. The mutation most likely disrupts a. the promoter. b. the terminator. c. the start codon. d. the stop codon. e. both a and c.

The functional product of a protein-encoding gene is a. tRNA. b. \(\mathrm{mRNA}\) c. rRNA. d. a polypeptide. e. \(a, b,\) and \(c\)

If a eukaryotic mRNA failed to have a cap attached to its \(5^{\prime}\) end, what would the negative consequence(s) be? a. The mRNA would not properly exit the nucleus. b. The mRNA would not properly bind to a ribosome. c. The mRNA would not receive a poly A tail. d. The mRNA would not use the correct start codon. e. both a and b

The small subunit of a ribosome is composed of a. a protein. b. an rRNA molecule. c. many proteins. d. many rRNA molecules. e. many proteins and one rRNA molecule.

The part of a tRNA that is complementary to a codon in an mRNA is the a. acceptor stem. b. codon. c. peptidyl site. d. anticodon. e. adaptor loop.

During the initiation of translation, the first codon, ________, enters the ________, and associates with the initiator tRNA. a. UAG, A site b. AUG, A site c. UAG, P site d. AUG, P site e. AUG, E site

The movement of the polypeptide from the tRNA in the \(P\) site to the tRNA in the A site is referred to as a. peptide bonding. b. aminoacyl binding. c. translation. d. the peptidyl transfer reaction. e. initiation.

During which stage of translation does the synthesis of a polypeptide occur? a. initiation b. elongation c. termination d. splicing