Chapter 28

Which of the following statements is false? a. Choanocytes have flagella that propel water through the body. b. Pinacocytes can transform into any cell type. c. Lophocytes secrete collagen. d. Porocytes control the flow of water through pores in the sponge body.

Which of the following statements about the anatomy of a mollusk is false? a. Mollusks have a radula for grinding food. b. A digestive gland is connected to the stomach. c. The tissue beneath the shell is called the mantle. d. The digestive system includes a gizzard, a stomach, a digestive gland, and the intestine.

Which of the following statements about insects is false? a. Insects have both dorsal and ventral blood vessels. b. Insects have spiracles, openings that allow air to enter. c. The trachea is part of the digestive system. d. Insects have a developed digestive system with a mouth, crop, and intestine.

Mesohyl contains: a. a polysaccharide gel and dead cells. b. a collagen-like gel and suspended cells for various functions. c. spicules composed of silica or calcium carbonate. d. multiple pores.

The large central opening in the parazoan body is called the: a. gemmule. b. spicule. c. ostia. d. osculum.

Most sponge body plans are slight variations on a simple tube-within-a-tube design. Which of the following is a key limitation of sponge body plans? a. Sponges lack the specialized cell types needed to produce more complex body plans. b. The reliance on osmosis/diffusion requires a design that maximizes the surface area to volume ratio of the sponge. c. Choanocytes must be protected from the hostile exterior environment. d. Spongin cannot support heavy bodies.

Cnidocytes are found in _________. a. phylum Porifera b. phylum Nemertea c. phylum Nematoda d. phylum Cnidaria

Cubozoans are ___________. a. polyps b. medusoids c. polymorphs d. sponges

While collecting specimens, a marine biologist finds a sessile Cnidarian. The medusas that bud from it swim by contracting a ring of muscle in their bells. To which class does this specimen belong? a. Class Hydrozoa b. Class Cubozoa c. Class Scyphozoa d. Class Anthozoa

Which group of flatworms are primarily ectoparasites of fish? a. monogeneans b. trematodes c. cestodes d. turbellarians

The rhynchocoel is a _____________. a. circulatory system b. fluid-filled cavity c. primitive excretory system d. proboscis

Annelids have (a): a. pseudocoelom. b. true coelom. c. no coelom. d. none of the above

A mantle and mantle cavity are present in: a. phylum Echinodermata. b. phylum Adversoidea. c. phylum Mollusca. d. phylum Nemertea.

How does segmentation enhance annelid locomotion? a. Segmentation creates repeating body structures so the entire organism functions in synchrony. b. Segmentation allows specialization of different body regions. c. Neural segmentation allows annelids to Iocalize sensations. d. Muscle contractions can be localized to specific regions of the body to coordinate movement.

The nematode cuticle contains ___________. a. glucose b. skin cells c. chitin d. nerve cells

Crustaceans are _____________. a. ecdysozoans b. nematodes c. arachnids d. parazoans

Flies are __________. a. chelicerates b. hexapods c. arachnids d. crustaceans

Which of the following is not a key advantage provided by the exoskeleton of terrestrial arthropods? a. Prevents dessication b. Protects internal tissue c. Provides mechanical support d. Grows with the arthropod throughout its life

Echinoderms have _____________. a. triangular symmetry b. radial symmetry c. hexagonal symmetry d. pentaradial symmetry

The circulatory fluid in echinoderms is __________. a. blood b. mesohyl c. Water d. saline

Which of the following features does not distinguish humans as a member of phylum Chordata? a. Human embryos undergo indeterminate cleavage. b. A spinal cord runs along an adult human's dorsal side. c. Human embryos exhibit pharyngeal arches and gill slits. d. The human coccyx forms from an embryonic tail.

The sister taxon of the Chordata is the ___________. a. Mollusca b. Arthropoda c. Ambulacraria d. Rotifera

Describe the different cell types and their functions in sponges.

Describe the feeding mechanism of sponges and identify how it is different from other animals.

Explain the function of nematocysts in cnidarians.

Compare the structural differences between Porifera and Cnidaria.

Describe the morphology and anatomy of mollusks.

Enumerate features of Caenorhabditis elegans that make it a valuable model system for biologists.

Compare and contrast the segmentation seen in phylum Annelida with that seen in phylum Arthropoda.

How do terrestrial arthropods of the subphylum Hexapoda impact the world's food supply? Provide at least two positive and two negative effects.

Describe the different classes of echinoderms using examples.