Chapter 25

Which of the following statements about plant divisions is false? a. Lycophytes and pterophytes are seedless vascular plants. b. All vascular plants produce seeds. c. All non-vascular embryophytes are bryophytes. d. Seed plants include angiosperms and gymnosperms.

Which of the following statements about the moss life cycle is false? a. The mature gametophyte is haploid. b. The sporophyte produces haploid spores. c. The calyptra buds to form a mature gametophyte. d. The zygote is housed in the venter.

Which of the following statements about the fern life cycle is false? a. Sporangia produce haploid spores. b. The sporophyte grows from a gametophyte. c. The sporophyte is diploid and the gametophyte is haploid. d. Sporangia form on the underside of the gametophyte.

The land plants are probably descendants of which of these groups? a. green algae b. red algae c. brown algae d. angiosperms

Alternation of generations means that plants produce: a. only haploid multicellular organisms b. only diploid multicellular organisms c. only diploid multicellular organisms with single-celled haploid gametes d. both haploid and diploid multicellular organisms

Which of the following traits of land plants allows them to grow in height? a. alternation of generations b. waxy cuticle c. tracheids d. sporopollenin

How does a haplontic plant population maintain genetic diversity? a. Zygotes are produced by random fusion. b. Gametes are created through meiosis. c. Diploid spores undergo independent assortment during mitosis. d. The zygote undergoes meiosis to generate a haploid sporophyte.

What characteristic of Charales would enable them to survive a dry spell? a. sperm with flagella b. phragmoplasts c. sporopollenin d. chlorophyll a

Which one of these characteristics is present in land plants and not in Charales? a. alternation of generations b. flagellated sperm c. phragmoplasts d. plasmodesmata

A scientist sequences the genome of Chara, red algae, and a tomato plant. What result would support the conclusion that Charophytes should be included in the Plantae kingdom? a. The Chara genome is more similar to the red algae than the tomato plant. b. All three genomes are distinctly different. c. The Chara genome is more similar to the tomato plant genome than the red algae genome. d. The tomato plant genome is distinct from the red algae genome.

Which of the following features does not support the inclusion of Charophytes in the Plantae kingdom? a. Charophyte chloroplasts contain chlorophyll \(\mathrm{a}\) and \(\mathrm{b}\). b. Charophyte plant cell walls contain plasmodesmata to allow transfer between cells within multicellular organisms. c. Charophytes do not exhibit growth throughout the entire plant body. d. Charophytes are multicellular organisms that lack vascular tissue.

Which of the following structures is not found in bryophytes? a. a cellulose cell wall b. chloroplast c. sporangium d. root

Stomata appear in which group of plants? a. Charales b. liverworts c. hornworts d. mosses

The chromosome complement in a moss protonema is: a. \(1 n\) b. \(2 n\) c. \(3 n\) d. varies with the size of the protonema

Why do mosses grow well in the Arctic tundra? a. They grow better at cold temperatures. b. They do not require moisture. c. They do not have true roots and can grow on hard surfaces. d. There are no herbivores in the tundra.

A botanist travels to an area that has experienced a long, severe drought. While examining the bryophytes in the area, he notices that many are in the same life-cycle stage. Which life-cycle stage should be the most common? a. zygote b. gametophyte c. sporophyte d. archegonium

Microphylls are characteristic of which types of plants? a. mosses b. liverworts c. club mosses d. ferns

A plant in the understory of a forest displays a segmented stem and slender leaves arranged in a whorl. It is probably a _____. a. club moss b. whisk fern c. fern d. horsetail

The following structures are found on the underside of fern leaves and contain sporangia: a. sori b. rhizomes c. megaphylls d. microphylls

20\. The dominant organism in fern is the __________ a. sperm b. spore c. gamete d. sporophyte

The dominant organism in fern is the _____. a. sperm b. spore c. gamete d. sporophyte

What seedless plant is a renewable source of energy? a. club moss b. horsetail c. sphagnum moss d. fern

How do mosses contribute to returning nitrogen to the soil? a. Mosses fix nitrogen from the air. b. Mosses harbor cyanobacteria that fix nitrogen. c. Mosses die and return nitrogen to the soil. d. Mosses decompose rocks and release nitrogen.

The production of megaphylls by many different species of plants is an example of _____. a. parallel evolution b. analogy c. divergent evolution d. homology

What is the difference between extant and extinct?

Describe a minimum of two ways that plants changed the land environment to support the emergence of land animals.

To an alga, what is the main advantage of producing drought-resistant structures?

In areas where it rains often, mosses grow on roofs. How do mosses survive on roofs without soil?

What are the three classes of bryophytes?

Bryophytes form a monophyletic group that transitions between green algae and vascular plants. Describe at least one similarity and one difference between bryophyte reproduction and green algae reproduction.

Bryophytes form a monophyletic group that transitions between green algae and vascular plants. Describe at least one similarity and one difference between bryophyte reproduction and green algae reproduction.

How did the development of a vascular system contribute to the increase in size of plants?

Ferns are simultaneously involved in promoting rock weathering, while preventing soil erosion. Explain how a single plant can perform both these functions, and how these functions are beneficial to its ecosystem.