Chapter 17

The United States Preventative Services Task Force recommended against using the PSA test to screen healthy men for prostate cancer. Their recommendation is based on evidence that screening does not reduce the risk of death from prostate cancer. Prostate cancer often develops very slowly and does not cause problems, while the cancer treatment can have severe side effects. The \(P C A 3\) test is considered to be more accurate, but screening may still result in men who would not have been harmed by the cancer itself suffering side effects from treatment. What do you think? Should all healthy men be screened for prostate cancer using the \(P C A 3\) or \(P S A\) test? Should people in general be screened to find out if they have a genetic risk for cancer or other diseases?

Figure 17.15 In 2011 , the United States Preventative Services Task Force recommended against using the PSA test to screen healthy men for prostate cancer. Their recommendation is based on evidence that screening does not reduce the risk of death from prostate cancer. Prostate cancer often develops very slowly and does not cause problems, while the cancer treatment can have severe side effects. The \(P C A 3\) test is considered to be more accurate, but screening may still result in men who would not have been harmed by the cancer itself suffering side effects from treatment. What do you think? Should all healthy men be screened for prostate cancer using the \(P C A 3\) or PSA test? Should people in general be screened to find out if they have a genetic risk for cancer or other diseases?

GMOs are created by ________. a. generating genomic DNA fragments with restriction endonucleases b. introducing recombinant DNA into an organism by any means c. overexpressing proteins in E. coli d. all of the above

Gene therapy can be used to introduce foreign DNA into cells ________. a. for molecular cloning b. by PCR c. of tissues to cure inheritable disease d. all of the above

Insulin produced by molecular cloning: a. is of pig origin b. is a recombinant protein c. is made by the human pancreas d. is recombinant DNA

Bt toxin is considered to be ________. a. a gene for modifying insect DNA b. an organic insecticide produced by bacteria c. useful for humans to fight against insects d. a recombinant protein

The Flavr Savr Tomato: a. is a variety of vine-ripened tomato in the supermarket b. was created to have better flavor and shelflife c. does not undergo soft rot d. all of the above

FSTS are ________ a. generated after a cDNA library is made b. unique sequences in the genome c. useful for mapping using sequence information d. all of the above

ESTs are ________. a. generated after a cDNA library is made b. unique sequences in the genome c. useful for mapping using sequence information d. all of the above

Linkage analysis ________. a. is used to create a physical map b. is based on the natural recombination process c. requires radiation hybrid mapping d. involves breaking and rejoining of DNA artificially

Genetic recombination occurs by which process? a. independent assortment b. crossing over c. chromosome segregation d. sister chromatids

Individual genetic maps in a given species are: a. genetically similar b. genetically identical c. genetically dissimilar d. not useful in species analysis

Information obtained by microscopic analysis of stained chromosomes is used in: a. radiation hybrid mapping b. sequence mapping c. RFLP mapping d. cytogenetic mapping

The chain termination method of sequencing: a. uses labeled ddNTPs b. uses only dideoxynucleotides c. uses only deoxynucleotides d. uses labeled dNTPs

Whole-genome sequencing can be used for advances in: a. the medical field b. agriculture c. biofuels d. all of the above

Sequencing an individual person’s genome a. is currently possible b. could lead to legal issues regarding discrimination and privacy c. could help make informed choices about medical treatment d. all of the above

What is the most challenging issue facing genome sequencing? a. the inability to develop fast and accurate sequencing techniques b. the ethics of using information from genomes at the individual level c. the availability and stability of DNA d. all of the above

Genomics can be used in agriculture to: a. generate new hybrid strains b. improve disease resistance c. improve yield d. all of the above

Genomics can be used on a personal level to: a. decrease transplant rejection b. predict genetic diseases that a person may have inherited c. determine the risks of genetic diseases for an individual's children d. all of the above

What is a biomarker? a. the color coding of different genes b. a protein that is uniquely produced in a diseased state c. a molecule in the genome or proteome d. a marker that is genetically inherited

A protein signature is: a. the path followed by a protein after it is synthesized in the nucleus b. the path followed by a protein in the cytoplasm c. a protein expressed on the cell surface d. a unique set of proteins present in a diseased state

Describe the process of Southem blotting.

Describe the process of Southern blotting.

Explain why metagenomics is probably the most revolutionary application of genomics.