Chapter 20

What is meant by semi-conservative replication? How is this different from conservative or dispersive replication?

What is the nucleophile in the reaction catalyzed by DNA polymerase? What is the significance of this in terms of initiating DNA synthesis?

What are the primary replicative polymerases in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Describe the mechanism by which HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (HIVRT) produces DNA for chromosomal integration.

Describe the typical major elements of a replication fork.

What are the major events that occur at \(ori\) \(C\) to allow initiation of DNA synthesis?

What is unique about the structure of telomerase that allows it to extend the ends of chromosomes?

Describe the Ames test and explain its importance.

What happens during cytosine deamination, and how is it repaired?

If unrepaired, what effect can cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers or cross-linked guanine residues have on cellular processes?

What are the three types of mutations that result from single point mutations? What is the potential severity of each?

What are the major differences between meiotic homologous recombination by double-strand break and homologous recombination for the repair of double- strand breaks caused by DNA damaging events?

Describe what occurs when bacteriophage \(\lambda\) invades an \(E .\) \(coli\) cell and establishes lysogeny. What would happen if the \(E .\) \(coli\) cell were exposed to a high dose of UV light?

Describe the events in \(\mathrm{V}(\mathrm{D}) \mathrm{J}\) recombination and explain the importance of this process.