Q47E - Chemistry (OpenStax)

Question

Write a condensed structural formula, such as\(C{H_3}C{H_3}\), and describe the molecular geometry at each carbon atom.

(a) 2-propanol

(b) acetone

(c) dimethyl ether

(d) acetic acid

(e) 3-methyl-1-hexene

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

\( A and C have all s{p^3} hybridized C atoms while B, D and E have some s{p^2} hybridized C atoms. \)

Step 1:To define propanol:

\( a) 2 - propanol. \)

This is secondary alcohol where all bonds that \(C\)atoms share are saturated

C atoms that share saturated bonds have tetrahedral arrangement and \(s{p^3}\)hybridization.

Step 2: Acetone

b) Acetone

Acetone is a ketone with a carbonyl group at carbon \(2.\)

The carbonyl carbon atom has a double bond with oxygen, while all other bonds that C atoms share are single bonds.

The \(C\)atom that shares a double bond has a backslash planar arrangement of bonds and hybridization.

The \(C\)atoms that share all saturated single bonds have a backslash tetrahedral arrangement and \(s{p^2}\)hybridization. 

Step 3: Dimethyl ether

c) dimethyl ether

This is ether where all bonds that \(C\)atoms share are saturated.

The \(C\)atoms that share saturated bonds have a tetrahedral arrangement and \(s{p^3}\) hybridization.

Step 4: Acetic acid

d) Acetic acid

This is a carboxylic acid with a carboxyl group.

The carboxyl carbon atom has a double bond with oxygen, while all other bonds that C atoms share are single bonds.

The \(C\) atom that shares a double bond has a $\$ arrangement of bonds and \(s{p^2}\) .

The \(C\)atoms share all saturated single bonds and have a tetrahedral arrangement and \(s{p^2}\) hybridization.

Step 5: 3-methyl-1-hexene

e) 3-methyl-1-hexene.

Acetone is an alkene with a double bond at carbon \(1.\)

Two carbon atoms share a double bond, while all other bonds that \(C\)atoms share are single saturated bonds

\(C\)atoms that share a double bond have a planar arrangement of bonds and \(s{p^2}\) hybridization.

C atoms that share all saturated single bonds have a tetrahedral arrangement and \(s{p^2}\) hybridization.