Q.34. - Biology

Question

The adrenal medulla contains two types of secretory cells. What are they and what are their functions? 

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

• The adrenal glands' primary function is the release of adrenaline and noradrenaline. 
• The adrenal glands, also known as supra-renal glands, are located directly above the kidneys. 
• They are retroperitoneal structures that are divided into two parts: the outer adrenal cortex and the inner adrenal medulla.
• The two hormones which adrenal medulla are : epinephrine and norepinephrine 

Step 1: Introduction

Adrenal Glands Structure: 

• They are retroperitoneal structures that are divided into two parts: the outer adrenal cortex and the inner adrenal medulla. 
• The main secreting cells of the adrenal medulla are known as chromaffin cells, which are neuroendocrine cells that have been modified to look like sympathetic ganglia. 

Step 2: Explanation

• Adrenal glands are small triangular glands that are located on top of both kidneys. 
• They are also referred to as suprarenal glands. 
• The adrenal gland is divided into two sections: the adrenal medulla and the adrenal cortex. 
• The adrenal cortex surrounds the adrenal medulla, which is the innermost layer of the adrenal glands. 
• The medulla generates a number of hormones that aid in non-essential functions.
• It is embedded in the center of the adrenal gland and accounts for approximately 10% of the total gland weight.
• It is made up of chromaffin cells that secrete hormones.
• It is made up of irregularly shaped cells that form a ring around the blood vessels.
• These cells serve as a link between the medulla and the autonomic nervous system.