Q33E - Organic Chemistry (Mcmurry)

Question

Draw and name the following

1. The eight carboxylic acids with the formula ${\mathbf{C}}_{\mathbf{6}}{\mathbf{H}}_{\mathbf{12}}{\mathbf{O}}_{\mathbf{2}}$ 
2. Three nitriles with the formula ${\mathbf{C}}_{\mathbf{5}}{\mathbf{H}}_{\mathbf{7}}\mathbf{N}$ 

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

a.  The structure and names of eight carboxylic acids with the formula

${\mathrm{C}}_6{\mathrm{H}}_{12}{\mathrm{O}}_2$are

b.  The structure and names of three nitriles with the formula${\mathrm{C}}_5{\mathrm{H}}_7\mathrm{N}$are

Step 1: Definition of structure

The arrangement of chemical bonds between atoms in a molecule is defined as structure

Step 2: Explanations

a. The six carbon atoms in the molecule can be arranged as a straight chain.

    

They also can be arranged as a five carbon straight chain with one methyl branching or as a four carbon straight chain with two methyl or one ethyl branching

Based on the positions of carboxyl, ethyl and methyl group(s) eight isomers become possible

The structure and names of eight carboxylic acids with the formula${\mathrm{C}}_6{\mathrm{H}}_{12}{\mathrm{O}}_2$are

b.The five carbon atoms in the molecule can be arranged as a straight chain or as a four carbon straight chain with one methyl branching having a double bond and nitrile group. 

It can also be arranged as a cyclobutane ring with a nitrile group. 

Three isomers become possible

The structure and names of three nitriles with the formula${\mathrm{C}}_5{\mathrm{H}}_7\mathrm{N}$are