Q2P - Organic Chemistry (Mcmurry)

Question

Propose structures for simple molecules that contain the following functional groups:

(a)Alcohol (b) Aromatic ring (c) Carboxylic acid (d) Amine (e) Both ketone and amine

(f) Two double bonds

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

(a) 

(b) 

(c)

(d)

(e) 

(f) 

Step 1: Functional groups

Functional groups are the specific groups that define the compound according to its properties. With the presence of different functional groups, the properties of a compound change. There are many functional groups like ketone, carboxylic acid, ester, ether, amine, alcohol, etc. 

Step 2(a): The structure of a simple molecule containing alcohol functional group

Methanol is the simplest molecule containing alcohol (-OH) as a functional group. The other name for methanol is methyl alcohol. The structure for methanol is,

        Methanol

Step 3(b): The structure for a simple molecule containing an aromatic ring

The toluene is the simplest molecule containing an aromatic ring. It is a substituted aromatic hydrocarbon having one methyl group substituted at the ring.

     Toluene

Step 4(c): The structure for a simple molecule containing carboxylic acid

Acetic acid is the simplest molecule containing carboxylic acid (-COOH). The other name for acetic acid is ethanoic acid having two carbons and one carboxylic acid group.

          Acetic acid

Step 5(d): The structure for a simple molecule containing an amine group

Methylamine is the simplest molecule containing amine ($-{\mathrm{NH}}_2$). Here, one hydrogen of ammonia (${\mathrm{NH}}_3$) is replaced by a methyl (${\mathrm{CH}}_3$) group.

               Methylamine

Step 6(e): The structure for a simple molecule containing both ketone and amine group

The aminoacetone is the simplest molecule containing ketone and amine functional groups. Here, one hydrogen of acetone (${\left({\mathrm{CH}}_3\right)}_2\mathrm{CO}$) is replaced by one amine group ($-{\mathrm{NH}}_2$).

             Aminoacetone

Step 7(f): The structure for a simple molecule containing two double bonds

The 1,3-Butadiene is the simplest molecule with two double bonds in its structure. Here, the double bonds are present at 1^st and 3^rd position, and –di means two double bonds.

              1,3-Butadiene