Q25. - Organic Chemistry

Question

Question: Draw in all hydrogens and lone pairs on the charged carbons in each ion.

                                                a.

                                              b.

                                    c.

                                          d. 

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

Answer

                                             a.

        

                                             b.

                                        c.

                                           d. 

Step-by-Step Solution Step 1: Charges on a carbon atom

• The valence shell of a carbon atom can contain only four electron pairs.
• If it forms three bonds, one electron pair is unshared, and the carbon carries a formal negative charge.
• When there are only three electron pairs in the carbon atom’s valence shell, and it forms two bonds, then the carbon atom carries no charge.
• If all the three electron pairs on the carbon atom are bond pairs, the carbon carries a formal positive charge.

 

Step 2: Lone pairs

The pair of electrons that do not take part/ involve in bonding are termed the lone pairs. They are displayed as small dots around an atom.

 

Step 3: Assigning hydrogens and lone pairs on the given structures

a. The complete structure of a is represented below.

                           

                                 Structure containing hydrogen atoms and lone pairs in a

b. The complete structure of b is represented below

                             

                                 Structure containing hydrogen atoms and lone pairs in b

c. Structure containing hydrogen atoms and lone pairs in b

                   

                            Structure containing hydrogen atoms and lone pairs in c

d. The complete structure of d is represented below.

                                 

                            Structure containing hydrogen atoms and lone pairs in d