Q24.56 P - Chemistry: Molecular Nature Of Matter And Change

Question

The effects on matter of  rays and  particles differ. Explain

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

Gamma rays are the most dangerous because the energy can ionize many layers of living tissue. Alpha particles penetrate so little that a piece of paper, light clothing, or the outer layer of skin can stop a radiation from an external source

Step 1: Gamma rays

Gamma rays are neutral and mass less  rays interact least with matter and, thus, penetrate most. A block of lead several inches thick is needed to stop them. Therefore, an external  ray source is the most dangerous because the energy can ionize many layers of living tissue.

 

Step 2: Alpha rays

Alpha particles are massive and highly charged, which means that they interact with matter most strongly of the three common emissions. As a result, they penetrate so little that a piece of paper, light clothing, or the outer layer of skin can stop a radiation from an external source. However, if ingested, an  emitter can cause grave localized internal damage through extensive ionization.

Step 3: Effects of gamma and alpha rays

The most harmful are gamma rays, which can ionise multiple layers of living tissue. Alpha particles penetrate so thinly that they can be stopped by a sheet of paper, light clothing, or the outer layer of skin.