Q22E - Chemistry (OpenStax)

Question

Complete and balance the following acid-base equations:

(a) A solution ofHClO₄ is added to a solution of LiOH

(b) Aqueous H₂SO₄  reacts with NaOH

(c)Ba(OH)₂ reacts with HF gas.

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

(a)\(HCl{O_4}\left( {aq} \right) + LiOH\left( {aq} \right) \to LiCl{O_4}\left( {aq} \right) + {H_2}O\left( l \right)\)

(b) \({H_2}S{O_4}\left( {aq} \right) + 2NaOH\left( {aq} \right) \to N{a_2}S{O_4}\left( {aq} \right) + 2{H_2}O\left( l \right)\)

(c)\(Ba{\left( {OH} \right)_2}\left( {aq} \right) + 2HF\left( g \right) \to Ba{F_2}\left( s \right) + 2{H_2}O\)

Step 1: Formation of lithium perchlorate salt

First balance the lithium atom and the perchlorate ion, followed by the hydrogen and oxygen atoms.

\(HCl{O_4}\left( {aq} \right) + LiOH\left( {aq} \right) \to LiCl{O_4}\left( {aq} \right) + {H_2}O\left( l \right)\)

Use the balancing table to check:

Element	Reactant	Product	Balanced? yes
Li	1x1	1x1	1=1
Cl	1x1	1x1	1=1
H	1x1+1x1	1x2	2=2
O	1x4+1x1	1x4+1x1	5=5

Step 2: Formation of sodium sulfate salt

First balance the sodium atoms and the sulfate ions, followed by the hydrogen and oxygen atoms.

\({H_2}S{O_4}\left( {aq} \right) + 2NaOH\left( {aq} \right) \to N{a_2}S{O_4}\left( {aq} \right) + 2{H_2}O\left( l \right)\)

Use the balancing table to check:

Element	Reactant	Product	Balanced? yes
Na	2x1	1x2	2=2
S	1x1	1x1	1=1
H	1x2+2x1	2x2	4=4
O	1x4+2x1	1x4+2x1	6=6

Step 3: Formation of barium fluoride salt

First balance the barium and fluorine atoms, followed by the hydrogen and oxygen atoms.

\(Ba{\left( {OH} \right)_2}\left( {aq} \right) + 2HF\left( g \right) \to Ba{F_2}\left( s \right) + 2{H_2}O\)

Use the balancing table to check:

Element	Reactant	Product	Balanced? yes
Ba	1x1	1x1	1=1
F	2x1	1x2	2=2
H	1x2+2x1	2x2	4=4
O	1x2	2x1	2=2