Q1E
Question
Write the chemical formula and Lewis’s structure of the following, each of which contains five carbon atoms: (a) an alkane (b) an alkene (c) an alkyne
Step-by-Step Solution
VerifiedPictures show the structures for A, B, and C.
The following is an example of a chemical formula:
- \({{\rm{C}}_{\rm{5}}}{{\rm{H}}_{{\rm{12}}}}\)
- \({{\rm{C}}_{\rm{5}}}{{\rm{H}}_{{\rm{10}}}}\)
- \(\,{{\rm{C}}_{\rm{5}}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{8}}}\)
Alkane- Alkane is a carbon and hydrogen atom-based organic molecule. All bonds in alkane are saturated, implying that all C-C bonds are single bonds.
Alkene- Alkene is a carbon and hydrogen atom-based organic molecule with a C=C double bond. Not all bonds in an alkene are saturated, implying that there are unsaturated C=C double bonds present, whether one or more.
Alkyne- Alkyne is an organic molecule made up of carbon and hydrogen atoms with a \({\rm{C}} \equiv {\rm{C}}\) triple bond between them. Because not all bonds in alkyne are saturated, there are unsaturated \({\rm{C}} \equiv {\rm{C}}\) triple bonds present, whether one or more.
Atoms are joined by matching bonds to form a Lewis structure.
An alkane with \({\rm{5}}\) carbon atoms must be drawn here. There are additional options, but we'll stick with the one with the straight chain.
The first step is to draw \({\rm{5}}\) carbon atoms as indicated in the image below.
The second stage entails joining carbon atoms with single bonds, as indicated in the diagram below.
There will be four solitary C-C bonds for every five carbon atoms.
The third and final phase involves allocating H atoms to each carbon atom.
The carbon atom is four-valent, meaning it can have \(4\)bonds surrounding it.
So, if carbon has \({\rm{1}}\) bond in this alkane, \({\rm{3}}\) H atoms must be assigned.
If a carbon atom already has \({\rm{2}}\) bonds surrounding it, \({\rm{2}}\) H atoms must be allocated to it.
If a carbon atom has \({\rm{3}}\) bonds surrounding him, \({\rm{1}}\) H atom must be assigned.
It can't take another H atom if it has \(4\) bonds surrounding him.
We can observe that the carbon atoms at the chain's ends were given \({\rm{3}}\) H atoms, while those in the middle were given \({\rm{2}}\) H atoms each.
How do you write a chemical formula? It's simple.
You may either add the carbon and H atoms together and write \({{\rm{C}}_{\rm{5}}}{{\rm{H}}_{{\rm{12}}}}\), or you can write each carbon atom as its own unit: \({\rm{C}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{3}}}{\rm{C}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{C}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{C}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{C}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{3}}}\).
An alkane with \({\rm{5}}\) carbon atoms must be drawn here. There are additional options, but we'll stick with the one with the straight chain.
The first step is to draw \({\rm{5}}\) carbon atoms as indicated in the image below.
The second stage entails joining carbon atoms with single bonds and two C atoms with double bonds, as indicated in the diagram below.
There will be three single bonds to draw if there are \({\rm{5}}\) carbon atoms and we choose to draw one double bond.
At the start of the chain, we've drawn a double bond.
The third and final phase involves allocating H atoms to each carbon atom.
The carbon atom is four-valent, meaning it can have \(4\) bonds surrounding it.
For A, the third step is to write the rules.
It's also worth noting that a double bond counts as \({\rm{2}}\) single bonds.
As a result, the first carbon atom will receive two carbon atoms, while the second will receive only one carbon atom.
Is there a chemical formula for this?
\({{\rm{C}}_{\rm{5}}}{{\rm{H}}_{{\rm{10}}}}\)is the first one where we add atoms, and \({\rm{C}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{ = CHC}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{C}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{C}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{3}}}\) is the second.
An alkyne with \({\rm{5}}\) carbon atoms must be drawn here. There are additional options, but we'll stick with the one with the straight chain.
The first step is to draw \({\rm{5}}\) carbon atoms as indicated in the image below.
The second stage entails joining carbon atoms with single bonds and two C atoms with triple bonds, as indicated in the diagram below.
There will be three single bonds to draw if there are \({\rm{5}}\) carbon atoms and we opted to draw \(1\) triple bond.
At the start of the chain, we've drawn a triple bond.
The third and final phase involves allocating H atoms to each carbon atom.
The carbon atom is four-valent, meaning it can have four bonds surrounding it.
For A, the third step is to write the rules.
It's also worth noting that a triple bond counts as \({\rm{3}}\) single bonds.
As a result, only one carbon atom will be assigned to the first carbon atom, while no carbon atom will be assigned to the second.
All alkyne bonds must be drawn in a straight line.
The chemical formula will be as follows:\({\rm{CH}} \equiv {\rm{CC}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{C}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{C}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{3}}}{\rm{\;or\;}}{{\rm{C}}_{\rm{5}}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{8}}}\).