Q.17 - Biology

Question

A fungus that climbs up a tree reaching higher elevation to release its spores in the wind and does not receive any nutrients from the tree or contribute to the tree’s welfare is described as a ________. 

a. commensal 

b. mutualist 

c. parasite 

d. pathogen 

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

The correct answer is (a) commensal 

A fungus that climbs up a tree reaching higher elevation to release its spores in the wind and does not receive any nutrients from the tree or contribute to the tree’s welfare is described as a commensal. 

Step1. Introduction

The fungi help trees or shrubs, and in return, the roots give the fungi carbon, carbohydrates, and other nutrients. The symbiotic relationship between fungi and plant roots is called a mycorrhiza. The specific fungi involved are called mychorrizal fungi.  

Step2. Explanation of the correct answer

Commensalism occurs when one member benefits without affecting the other. 

A fungus that climbs up a tree reaching higher elevation to release its spores in the wind and does not receive any nutrients from the tree or contribute to the tree’s welfare is described as a commensal. 

Step3. Explanation for Incorrect Options

b. mutualist 

• Mutualism describes the ecological interaction between two or more species where each species has a net benefit. Mutualism is a common type of ecological interaction. 

c. parasite 

• Parasitism describes a symbiotic relationship in which one member of the association benefits at the expense of the other. 
• Parasites harm the host. 
• Parasites usually do not damage to host tissues, but can cause serious damage and death by competition for nutrients or other resources. 

d. pathogen

• Pathogens harm the host. 
• Pathogens cause disease, damage to host tissues or physiology.