Q.16.73 - An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

Question

Indicate whether ench of the following would be a substrate $\left(S\right)$ or an enzyme $\left(E\right):$ $(16.4)$

$a.$ lactose

$b.$ lipase

$c.$ amylase

$d.$ trypsin

$e.$ pyruvate

$f.$ transaminase

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

        ( Part a )Lactose - Substrate (lactase hydrolyzes lactose)

( Part b )  Lipase - Enzyme (Hydrolyzes lipids)

( Part c ) Amylase - Enzyme (hydrolyze amylose)

( Part d ) Trypsin - Enzyme (hydrolyzes proteins)

( Part e )  Pyruvate - Substrate (glucose is converted into pyruvate during glycolysis)

( Part f )  Transaminase - Enzyme (catalyse transamination reaction)

Step 1: Introduction.( Part a )

                              --  Enzymes are proteins that catalyse processes by reducing the reaction's activation energy.

                             --  An multinational committee developed a system for naming enzymes depending on their function.

                             -- The suffix -ase is added to the end of each enzyme's name.

                             -- There are several exceptions, such as pepsin, trypsin, and renin.

Step 2: Given Information (part a).

Determine whether lactose is a substrate or an enzyme lactose.

Step 3: Explanation (part a).

Lactose - Substrate (lactase hydrolyzes lactose)

Step 4: Given Information (part b).

Find out if lactose is a substrate or a lipase enzyme.

Step 5: Explanation (part b).

Enzyme Lipase (Hydrolyzes lipids)

Step 6: Given Information (part c).

Determine if lactose is a substrate or an amylase enzyme.

Step 7: Explanation (part c).

Enzyme Amylase (hydrolyze amylose)

Step 8: Given Information (part d).

Determine whether lactose is a trypsin substrate or an enzyme.

Step 9: Explanation (part d).

Enzyme Trypsin (hydrolyzes proteins)

Step 10: Given Information (part e).

Determine whether lactose is an enzyme pyruvate or a substrate.

 

Step 11: Explanation (part e).

Substrate Pyruvate (glucose is converted into pyruvate during glycolysis)

Step 12: Given Information (part f).

Determine whether lactose is a transaminase substrate or an enzyme.

Step 13: Explanation (part f).

Enzyme Transaminase (catalyse transamination reaction)

Step 14: Given Information

Among the various enzyme categories are:

                          - Hydrolase enzymes (carryout hydrolysis reactions,  protease, lipase, nuclease, phosphatases)

                         - Transferase enzymes (transfer a group between  compounds,  kinases, transaminases)

                        - Oxidoreductases  (oxidation-reduction reaction,  oxidases, reductases, dehydrogenases)

                         - Lyases (add or remove groups involving double bonds, but does not include hydrolysis, carboxylases, deaminases)

                         - Ligases (connect two molecules by using ATP,  synthetases)

                         - Isomerase enzymes (rearrange atoms in a molecule,  Isomerases, epimerases)

Step 15: Explanation

Explanation.

 Lactose - Substrate (lactase hydrolyzes lactose)

 Lipase - Enzyme (Hydrolyzes lipids)

Amylase - Enzyme (hydrolyze amylose)

Trypsin - Enzyme (hydrolyzes proteins)

 Pyruvate - Substrate (glucose is converted into pyruvate during glycolysis)

 Transaminase - Enzyme (catalyse transamination reaction)