Q15.58 P - Chemistry: Molecular Nature Of Matter And Change

Question

Name the type of organic compound from the following description of its functional group: 

(a) the polar group that has only single bonds and does not include O or N; 

(b) the group that is polar and has a triple bond; 

(c) the group that has single and double bonds and is acidic in water; 

(d) the group that has a double bond and must be at the end of a C chain.

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

1. Hydrogen sulphide
2. Hydrogen cyanide
3. Carboxylic acid
4. Aldehyde

Step 1: Polar group

A polar group is formed between atoms having electronegativity differences and are covalently bonded by sharing the electrons, but they share the electrons unequally.

Example: ammonia, sulfur dioxide, etc.

Step 2: Polar group having single and triple bond

A polar group having a single bond except O and nitrogen is hydrogen sulfide, in which sulfide is more electronegative than hydrogen and shares the electrons unequally.

Hydrogen sulfide

A polar group having a triple bond is j\hydrogen nitrile, in which cyanide contains the triple bond between C and N, and the Ltd is more electronegative than hydrogen, so polar.

                                               Hydrogen cyanide 

Step 3: Group is acidic, and the group has a double bond at the end

The group this acidic and contain double and single bond is a carboxylic group known as carboxylic acid. It has a carbonyl group and single and hydroxyl as shown

Carboxylic acid

And a group that has a double bond at the end is an aldehyde which has a carbonyl group at the end, as shown:

Aldehyde