Q.14 - Biology

Question

What term describes the close association of a fungus with the root of a tree? 

a. a rhizoid 

b. a lichen 

c. a mycorrhiza 

d. an endophyte 

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

The correct answer is (c) a mycorrhiza  

Mycorrhiza association of a fungus with the root of a tree. 

Step1. Introduction

The fungi help trees or shrubs, and in return, the roots give the fungi carbon, carbohydrates, and other nutrients. The symbiotic relationship between fungi and plant roots is called a mycorrhiza. The specific fungi involved are called mychorrizal fungi. 

Step2. Explanation of the correct answer

• Mycorrhiza: a symbiotic association between a fungus and the roots of a vascular plant.

Step3. Explanation for Incorrect Options

a. a rhizoid 

Rhizoid is a short, thin filament which is found in fungi and in certain plants and sponges that anchors the growing which means the vegetative body of the organism to a substratum and is capable of absorbing the essential nutrients. In fungi, the rhizoid is found in the thallus and it resembles a root.

 

b. a lichen 

Close association of a fungus with a photosynthetic alga or bacterium that benefits both partners 

d. an endophyte 

Endophytes are fungi and bacteria that live inside plants without causing disease. Some endophytes may enhance host growth, nutrient acquisition and improve the plant's ability to tolerate abiotic stresses, such as drought and decrease biotic stresses by enhancing plant resistance to insects, pathogens and herbivores.