Q12P - Chemistry: Molecular Nature Of Matter And Change

Question

Which types of atomic orbitals of the central atom mix to form hybrid orbitals in 

(a) CI₂O ; (b) BrCI₃ ; (c) PF₅ ; (d) SO₃²?

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

1. one 4s, three 4p, and 4d orbitals
2. one 3s, three 3p, and 3d orbitals
3. one 3s, three 3p, and 3d orbitals
4. one 3s  and two 3p orbitals

Step1: For

Hybridization is the concept of mixing atomic orbitals and the formation of new hybrid orbitals.
The central oxygen atom forms sp³  hybridized orbitals in which one 2s and three 2p orbitals are mixed to form four hybrid orbitals.

Hence, one s and three p atomic orbitals of Oxygenmix to form sp³ hybrid orbitals.

Step2: For BrCI 3

The central bromine atom forms sp³d hybridized orbitals in which one 4s, three 4p, and 4d orbitals are mixed to form five hybrid orbitals.

Hence, one s, three p, and one d atomic orbital of bromine mixes to form sp³ hybrid orbitals.

Step3: For PF 5

The central phosphorus atom forms sp³d hybridized orbitals in which one 3s, three 3p, and 3d orbitals are mixed to form five hybrid orbitals.

Hence, one s , three p , and one d atomic orbital of phosphorus mix to form sp³ hybrid orbitals.

Step4: ForSO 3 2

The central sulphur atom forms sp² hybridized orbitals in which one 3s and two 3p orbitals are mixed to form three hybrid orbitals.

Hence, one s and two p atomic orbitals of sulfur mix to form sp² hybrid orbitals.