Q12.43P - Chemistry: Molecular Nature Of Matter And Change

Question

Which forces oppose the vaporization of each substance? 

(a) Hexane    (b) Water       (c)     _{${\mathbf{SiCl}}_{\mathbf{4}}$}         

 

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

1. Hexane: Hexane is a non-polar molecule which has a London dispersion interaction.
2. Water: The water molecule is a polar molecule which has ion-dipole interaction.
3.  ${\mathbf{SiCl}}_{\mathbf{4}}$: ${\mathbf{SiCl}}_{\mathbf{4}}$molecule form dipole-dipole interactions the Si-atom and Cl-atom which is polar in nature.

Step 1: Intermolecular Forces

Intermolecular forces are the interaction which are formed by the attraction of the two having opposite charges (partial positive and partial negative charge). The opposite charge are formed by the presence of the electron-negative atom in the molecule. Due to the presence of an electron-negative atom, there is and induced partial positive charge is generated on the electron-positive charge (or less electron-negative charge) atom. There will be an attraction between the both oppositely charges to form a bond.

 

Hydrogen bonding: These types of interactions are present in the electropositive and electronegative atom. There are the interaction between the opposite charge atom which are induced by the presence of the electronegative atom.0

Step 2: Inter-particle interaction Explanation

The inter-particle interaction is a type of attraction between the atoms in the molecule. 

 

(a) Hexane: The molecule Hexane has a London dispersion interaction which is weak interaction. As the molecule is formed of the C-atom and H-atom which are less electronegative and the difference between the electronegativity is also very less. The molecule is non-polar. 

 

(b) Water: The molecule water has ion-dipole interaction. As the molecule is formed of O-atom which is electronegative and H-atom is an electropositive atom having a large difference in the electronegative formed a polar molecule.

 

(c) :${\mathbf{SiCl}}_{\mathbf{4}}$ The molecule ${\mathbf{SiCl}}_{\mathbf{4}}$  has dipole-dipole interaction. As the molecule is formed of Si-atom which is an electropositive metal atom and Cl-atom belongs to halogen which is electronegative in nature. The difference between the electronegativity in the molecule is very large which is why polar molecules formed.