Q12.40P - Chemistry: Molecular Nature Of Matter And Change

Question

What is the strongest inter-particle force in each substance? 

(a)   $\mathbf{Kr}$          (b)   $\mathbf{BrF}$                  (c)   ${\mathbf{H}}_{\mathbf{2}}{\mathbf{SO}}_{\mathbf{4}}$     

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

1.  $\mathbf{Kr}$: The forces which are strongest in this molecule is the same induced dipole force.
2.  $\mathbf{BrF}$: The strongest inter-particle force in this molecule is London dispersion forces.
3.   ${\mathbf{H}}_{\mathbf{2}}{\mathbf{SO}}_{\mathbf{4}}$: The force which are strongest in this molecule is the same hydrogen bonding force.

Intermolecular Forces

Intermolecular forces are the interaction which are formed by the attraction of the two having opposite charges (partial positive and partial negative charge). The opposite charge are formed by the presence of the electron-negative atom in the molecule. Due to the presence of an electron-negative atom, there is an induced partial positive charge is generated on the electron-positive charge (or less electron-negative charge) atom. There will be an attraction between the both oppositely charges to form a bond.

Hydrogen bonding: These types of interactions are present in the electropositive and electronegative atom. There are the interaction between the opposite charge atom which are induced by the presence of the electronegative atom.0

 

London dispersion interaction: It is the weak bond which is formed for the short period of time. The bond is formed between the polar and non-polar molecules due to the phenomena of induction.

Inter-particle interaction Explanation

The inter-particle interaction is a type of attraction between the atoms in the molecule. 

 

1.  $\mathbf{Kr}$: The atom belongs to the noble gas group. This molecule is a non-polar which can bond to each other by the process called induction. Due to induced dipole formation in C-atom due to the presence of electronegative C-atom and form dipole-induced dipole forces.

2. $\mathbf{BrF}$ : There is a difference in the electronegative of F-atom and Br-atom as the structure of the molecule is symmetrical and becomes a non-polar molecule. This molecule is a non-polar molecule which bonds each other by the process called induction. Due to induced dipole formation in C-atom due to the presence of electronegative C-atom and form dipole-induced dipole forces.

3. ${\mathbf{H}}_{\mathbf{2}}{\mathbf{SO}}_{\mathbf{4}}$: The strongest inter-particle force in this molecule is Hydrogen bonding. Hydrogen bonding is formed between the electronegative O-atom and electropositive H-atom. There is van der Waal's interaction between S-atom and O-atom where O-atom is the electronegative atom.