Q12.38P - Chemistry: Molecular Nature Of Matter And Change

Question

What is the strongest inter-particle force in each substance? 

(a)  ${\mathbf{H}}_3{\mathbf{PO}}_4$       (b)   ${\mathbf{SO}}_2$                 (c) ${\mathbf{MgCl}}_2$

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

1.  ${\mathbf{H}}_3{\mathbf{PO}}_4$: The strongest inter-particle force in this molecule is Hydrogen bonding
2.  ${\mathbf{SO}}_2$: The strongest inter-particle force in this molecule is dipole-dipole force.
3.  ${\mathbf{MgCl}}_2$: The force which are strongest in this molecule is the same dipole-dipole force.

Intermolecular Forces

Intermolecular forces are the interaction which are formed by the attraction of the two having opposite charges (partial positive and partial negative charge). The opposite charge are formed by the presence of the electron-negative atom in the molecule. Due to the presence of an electron-negative atom, there is and induced partial positive charge is generated on the electron-positive charge (or less electron-negative charge) atom. There will be an attraction between the both oppositely charges to form a bond.

Hydrogen bonding: These types of interactions are present in the electropositive and electronegative atom. There are the interaction between the opposite charge atom which are induced by the presence of the electronegative atom.

 

Dipole-dipole Interaction: These interactions are the attractive forces which present in the polar molecules. Polar molecules have permanent dipoles which are produced by the presence of the opposite charge of the atom.

Inter-particle interaction Explanation

The inter-particle interaction is a type of attraction between the atoms in the molecule. 

 

1.  ${\mathbf{H}}_3{\mathbf{PO}}_4$: The strongest inter-particle force in this molecule is Hydrogen bonding. Hydrogen bonding is formed between the electronegative O-atom and electropositive H-atom.
2.  ${\mathbf{SO}}_2$: The strongest inter-particle force in this molecule is dipole-dipole force. This molecule is a polar molecule which bonds each other as O-atom is much more electronegative than S-atom. The size of the O-atom is smaller than the S-atom.
   

3. ${\mathbf{MgCl}}_2$ : The strongest inter-particle force in this molecule is dipole-dipole force. This molecule is a polar molecule which bonds each other as Cl-atom is much more electronegative than Mg-atom. The electronegative Cl-atom and electropositive Mg-atom form dipo