Q11.54CP - Chemistry: Molecular Nature Of Matter And Change

Question

1. 
   

An organic chemist synthesizes the molecule below:

1. Which of the orientations of hybrid orbitals shown below are present in the molecule?
2. Are there any present that are not shown below? If so, what are they?
3. How many of each type of hybrid orbital are present?

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

The sum of all hybrid orbitals is the same as the sum of all atomic orbitals.

The answer for

(a). orientation B and D hybrid orbital

(b). yes, sp      

(c). $\mathbf{3}\mathbf{-}{\mathbf{sp}}^3\mathbf{,}\mathbf{4}\mathbf{-}{\mathbf{sp}}^2$ and 2- sp

Step 1: Definition

The process of formation of a new atomic orbital by intermixing atomic orbitals is known as hybridization.

Step 2: Orientation of hybrid orbital in the molecule

Among the given orientations B and D hybrid orbitals are present in the molecule. The orientation B is ${\mathbf{sp}}^3$ hybrid orbitals in which an atom is attached to four electron groups including lone pair. The orientation D is ${\mathbf{sp}}^2$  hybrid orbitals in which atoms are attached to three electron groups including lone pairs.

Step 3: Other hybrid orbitals

The other hybrid orbital that is present is sp hybrid orbital in which atoms are attached to two electron groups including lone pair.

Step 4: No. of each hybrid orbitals

The number of ${\mathbf{sp}}^3$ hybrid orbitals is three while the electron groups attached to atoms(carbon(C-1), sulfur, and oxygen) are four having tetrahedral geometry.

The number of 4hybrid orbitals is four in which the electron groups attached to atoms (C-2, C-3, C-4, and N) are three having trigonal geometry.

The number of sp hybrid orbitals is two in which the electron groups attached to atoms (C-5 and C-6) are two having linear geometry.