Q11.44CP - Chemistry: Molecular Nature Of Matter And Change

Question

In each of the following equations, what hybridization change, if any, occurs for the underlined atom?

 

$\begin{array}{l}\left(\mathbf{a}\right)\mathbf{ }{\mathbf{BF}}_3\mathbf{+}\mathbf{NaF}\mathbf{-}\mathbf{-}\mathbf{-}{\mathbf{Na}}^{+}{{\mathbf{BF}}_4}^{-}\\ \left(\mathbf{b}\right)\mathbf{ }{\mathbf{PCl}}_3\mathbf{+}{\mathbf{Cl}}_2\mathbf{-}\mathbf{-}\mathbf{-}{\mathbf{PCl}}_5\\ \left(\mathbf{c}\right)\mathbf{ }\mathbf{Alkyne}\mathbf{+}{\mathbf{H}}_2\mathbf{-}\mathbf{-}\mathbf{-}{\mathbf{H}}_2\mathbf{C}\mathbf{=}{\mathbf{CH}}_2\\ \left(\mathbf{d}\right)\mathbf{ }{\mathbf{SiF}}_4\mathbf{+}\mathbf{2}{\mathbf{F}}^{-}\mathbf{-}\mathbf{-}\mathbf{-}{{\mathbf{SiF}}_6}^{2-}\\ \left(\mathbf{e}\right)\mathbf{ }{\mathbf{SO}}_2\mathbf{+}\mathbf{½}{\mathbf{O}}_2\mathbf{-}\mathbf{-}\mathbf{-}{\mathbf{SO}}_3\end{array}$

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

1. The hybridization of  ${\mathrm{BF}}_3$ is sp² hybridized which changes to sp³ hybridized  ${{\mathrm{BF}}_4}^{-}$ .
2. The hybridization of  ${\mathrm{PCl}}_3$  is sp³d hybridized which retains the same in  ${\mathrm{PCl}}_5$ .
3. The hybridization of Ethyne is sp which changes to sp² hybridized in Ethene.
4. The hybridization of the ${\mathrm{SiF}}_4$  is sp³ which changes to d²sp³ hybridized in  ${{\mathrm{SiF}}_6}^{2-}$ .
5. The hybridization of the ${\mathrm{SO}}_2$  is sp which changes to sp² hybridized in ${\mathrm{SO}}_3$ .

Step 1: Bonding

Bonding may be defined as the force of attraction between two or more atoms to form a compound. The molecule can have the same atom and different atoms.

Hybridization may be defined as the mixing of the atomic orbital to form a hybrid orbital before bonding with another atomic orbital having a similar atomic orbital.

Step 2: VSPER Theory

The molecule is always bonded in geometry in a three-dimensional structure using the hybrid orbital by the atoms. Due to the difference in the hybridization of the molecule the geometry of the molecule changes. 

 

The geometry of the molecule is:

sp  hybridized molecule has linear shape molecule.

sp² hybridized molecule has trigonal planar geometry.

sp³ hybridized molecule has tetrahedral geometry.

sp³d  hybridized molecule has trigonal bi-pyramidal geometry.

d²sp³ hybridized molecule has octahedral geometry.